ARTHUR SCHOPENHAUER UN LEADER DE LA CAUSE ANIMALE

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« L’homme a transformé la Terre en un enfer pour animaux. »

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As a consequence of his monistic philosophy, Schopenhauer was very concerned about the welfare of animals.^[76] For him, all individual animals, including humans, are essentially the same, being phenomenal manifestations of the one underlying Will. The word "will" designated, for him, force, power, impulse, energy, and desire; it is the closest word we have that can signify both the real essence of all external things and also our own direct, inner experience. Since every living thing possesses will, then humans and animals are fundamentally the same and can recognize themselves in each other.^[77] For this reason, he claimed that a good person would have sympathy for animals, who are our fellow sufferers.

Compassion for animals is intimately associated with goodness of character, and it may be confidently asserted that he who is cruel to living creatures cannot be a good man.^[78]

Nothing leads more definitely to a recognition of the identity of the essential nature in animal and human phenomena than a study of zoology and anatomy.^[79]

The assumption that animals are without rights and the illusion that our treatment of them has no moral significance is a positively outrageous example of Western crudity and barbarity. Universal compassion is the only guarantee of morality.^[80]

In 1841, he praised the establishment, in London, of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, and also the Animals' Friends Society in Philadelphia. Schopenhauer even went so far as to protest against the use of the pronoun "it" in reference to animals because it led to the treatment of them as though they were inanimate things.^[81] To reinforce his points, Schopenhauer referred to anecdotal reports of the look in the eyes of a monkey who had been shot^[82] and also the grief of a baby elephant whose mother had been killed by a hunter.^[83]
He was very attached to his succession of pet poodles. Schopenhauer criticized Spinoza's^[84] belief that animals are to be used as a mere means for the satisfaction of humans.^[85][86]

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Philosophe allemand trop peu connu. Sa philosophie a influencé de très nombreux penseurs, écrivains, musiciens et scientifiques : Gustave Flaubert, Octave Mirbeau, Guy de Maupassant, Friedrich Nietzsche, Richard Wagner, Léon Tolstoï, Sigmund Freud, Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis, Émile Zola, Pio Baroja, Joris-Karl Huysmans, Marcel Proust, Thomas Mann, Hermann Hesse, Fiodor Dostoïevski, Jean-Marie Guyau, Henri Bergson, Ludwig Wittgenstein, André Gide, Emil Cioran, Samuel Beckett (selon la Wikipédia). Son respect pour les droits des animaux - y compris son opposition véhémente à la vivisection - a conduit de nombreux militants modernes des droits des animaux à le redécouvrir. Il mérite sans aucun doute d’être mieux étudié au XXI^ème siècle !

Il a écrit entre autre cette phrase intéressante bien qu’ambigüe puisqu’on ne sait pas à quoi Arthur Schopenhauer faisait allusion en parlant d’enfer (mauvais traitements et cruauté, asservissement, confinement hors du milieu naturel, séquestration, exécutions sommaires, morts lentes et atroces, abattage, chasse, consommation ? (peut-être tout cela à la fois ?)) :

« L’homme a transformé la Terre en un enfer pour animaux. »

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